Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, includin

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable strength to shield delicate skin. This gentle element has long been utilized in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective properties. Creating a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide read more effectively absorbs harmful UV